Table 1 Basic characteristics of eligible studies (n = 6)
Study | Study design | Characteristics of patients | Details of intervention and control | Outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surgical procedure | No. | Females (%) | Age, years | BMI, kg/m2 | Doses | Protocol of administration | General anesthesia protocol | Muscle relaxant | |||
Chen et al., 2022 | RCT | Elective gynecological surgery | 60 | 60 (100.0%) | 33.9 ± 9.1 | 22.2 ± 3.2 | Ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg | Manual injection within 30s | Intravenous midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.3 g/kg) | Rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) | SAI, TOSI, TDER, BIS, HT, AT, IP |
60 | 60 (100.0%) | 33.8 ± 9.6 | 21.4 ± 2.8 | Propofol 2 mg/kg | |||||||
Liang et al., 2023 | RCT | Non-emergency, non-cardiothoracic, and non-brain elective surgeries | 86 | 63 (73.3%) | 38.5 ± 10.1 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | Ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg | Manual injection within 30s | Intravenous midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.3 g/kg) | Rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) | SAI, TOSI, BIS, TFA, HT, AT, IP |
42 | 32 (76.2%) | 40.5 ± 10.1 | 23.3 ± 3.0 | Propofol 2 mg/kg | |||||||
Wang et al., 2022 | RCT | Elective surgeries under general anesthesia | 88 | 56 (63.6%) | 38.5 ± 12.1 | 23.3 ± 2.9 | Ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg | Manual injection within 30s | Intravenous midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.3 g/kg) | Rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) | SAI, TOSI, TDER, BIS, HT, AT, IP |
88 | 57 (65.0%) | 41.1 ± 11.1 | 23.3 ± 3.1 | Propofol 2 mg/kg | |||||||
Zeng, et al., 2022 | RCT | Elective surgeries under general anesthesia | 30 | 19 (63.3%) | 42.5 ± 10.3 | 23.7 ± 3.0 | Ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg | Manual injection within 30s | Intravenous midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.3 g/kg) | Rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) | SAI, TOSI, BIS, TFA, HT, AT, IP |
10 | 7 (70.0%) | 46.4 ± 11.2 | 23.6 ± 3.6 | Propofol 2 mg/kg | |||||||
Yin et al., 2023 | RCT | Gynaecological ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia | 60 | 60 (100.0%) | 33.9 ± 9.1 | 22.4 ± 3.4 | Ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg | Manual injection within 30s | Intravenous midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.3 g/kg) | Rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) | SAI, TOSI, TDER, BIS, HT, AT, IP |
60 | 60 (100.0%) | 33.8 ± 9.6 | 21.5 ± 3.4 | Propofol 2 mg/kg | |||||||
Man et al., 2023 | RCT | Gynaecological ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia | 64 | 64 (100.0%) | 42.2 ± 9.5 | 22.8 ± 2.2 | Ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg | Pump injection for 60s | Intravenous alfentanil (20 µg/kg) | Mivacurium (0.2 mg/kg) | SAI, TOSI, BIS, TFA, HT, AT, IP |
64 | 64 (100.0%) | 44.1 ± 9.4 | 23.3 ± 2.6 | Propofol 2 mg/kg | |||||||