Efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with propofol for curative endoscopic resection in colorectum: a prospective, randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristic

Characteristic	Fentanyl (n = 79)	Esketamine (n = 81)	p
Age, y	60.5 ± 10.8	61.0 ± 11.1	0.782
Sex, n%			0.973
Male	48 (60.8)	49 (60.5)
Female	31 (39.2)	17 (39.5)
Height, cm	166.2 ± 7.4	166.3 ± 6.8	0.934
Weight, kg	64.2 ± 11.2	66.3 ± 10.9	0.221
BMI, kg/m²	23.2 ± 3.5	23.9 ± 3.1	0.169
Smoker	7 (8.9)	8 (9.9)	0.826
Alcohol	2 (2.5)	3 (3.7)	0.67
Comorbidities
Hypertension	20 (25.3)	27 (33.3)	0.266
Diabetes	6 (7.6)	13 (16)	0.098
Cerebrovascular disease	4 (5.1)	6 (7.4)	0.746
Chronic pulmonary disease	1 (1.3)	2 (2.5)	1
ASA			0.229
I	22 (27.8)	16 (19.8)
II	57 (72.2)	65 (80.2)
Mallampati			0.437
I	5 (6.3)	4 (4.9)
II	64 (81.0)	63 (77.8)
III	10 (12.7)	14 (17.3)
Baseline measurement
SpO2	99.3 ± 0.9	99.3 ± 1.2	0.902
Heart rate	73.9 ± 10.8	73.6 ± 11.3	0.867
SBP	134.8 ± 15.3	132.7 ± 17.6	0.442
DBP	78.7 ± 11.1	73.9 ± 10.8	0.208
Surgery type			0.13
EMR	53 (67.1)	63 (77.8)
ESD	26 (32.9)	18 (22.2)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection
Data are presented as the mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated, with the P-value representing the significance level for differences between groups A and E (Student’s t-test or Pearson’s χ² test)

ISSN: 1471-2253