Table 1 General information of patients with incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Aniskevich, S

2014

23–79 years

6/4

Laparoscopic hand-assisted nephrectomy

TAP 0.5% ropivacaine 100 mg

Before surgery

5

2

10

6/5

Control saline 20 ml

10

2

11

Bharti, N

2011

18–60 years

14/6

Colorectal surgery

TAP 0.25% bupivacaine 50 mg

At the end of surgery

8

4

40

14/6

Control saline 20 ml

4

-

40

Bhattacharjee, S

2014

-

0/45

Total abdominal hysterectomy by a lower abdominal transverse incision

TAP 0.25%bupivacaine 100 mg

Before anesthesia

8

-

45

-

0/45

Control saline 40 ml

12

-

45

Cevikkalp, E

2023

18–70 years

11/24

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

TAP 0.25%bupivacaine 100 mg

Before anesthesia

9

-

35

7/27

Control saline 40 ml

9

-

34

Covotta, M

2020

≥ 18 years

30/18

Robotic partial nephrectomy

TAP 0.5% ropivacaine 150 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

9

-

48

22/26

Control nothing

18

-

48

Geng, Z. Y

2023

18–65 years

0/32

Elective open gynecological surgery

TAP 0.375% ropivacaine 75 mg

After induction of anesthesia and before surgery

8

7

32

0/32

Control saline 20 ml

16

7

32

Guo, J. G

2018

18–65 years

25/10

Open liver resection

TAP0.375% ropivacaine 75 mg

Before anesthesia

2

2

35

23/12

Control saline 20 ml

8

4

35

Hutchins, J

2014

-

0/30

Robotic assisted hysterectomy

TAP 0.25%bupivacaine 37.5 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

6

-

30

-

0/30

Control nothing

16

-

30

Kawahara, R

2015

≥ 18 years

0/60

Gynecologic laparoscopic surgery

TAP 0.375% ropivacaine 75 mg

Following general anesthesia

11

-

60

0/59

Control saline 20 ml

21

-

59

Keller, D

2014

> 18 years

18/23

Laparoscopic colorectal Surgery

TAP0.5% bupivacaine 150 mg

At the completion of the procedure

10

-

41

16/22

Control saline 30 ml

9

-

38

Kim, M. G

2014

≥ 18 years

31/2

Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair

TAP 0.375% ropivacaine112.5 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

6

-

33

33/4

Control nothing

5

-

37

Korkmaz Toker, M

2019

18–65 years

0/30

Laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynecologic pathologies

TAP 0.375% bupivacaine 150 mg

Before the initiation of surgery

11

-

30

0/30

Control saline 40 ml

15

-

30

Li, X

2019

18–70 years

32/20

Retroperitoneoscopic renal surgery

TAP0.4% ropivacaine 120 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

17

-

52

31/20

Control saline 30 ml

15

-

51

Lochel, J

2021

≥ 18 years

-

Periacetabular osteotomy

TAP 0.75% ropivacaine 150 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

9

1

21

-

Control nothing

9

1

20

Lu, X

2020

> 18 years

59/4

Laparoscopic hepatectomy

TAP 0.25% ropivacaine 100 mg

At the end of surgery

21

15

63

45/18

Control nothing

22

16

63

Ma, J

2018

18–75 years

18/11

Laparoscopic colectomy

TAP 0.375% ropivacaine 75 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

4

-

29

17/11

Control saline 20 ml

6

-

28

McKeen, D. M

2014

≥ 18 years

0/35

Cesarean delivery

TAP 0.25% ropivacaine 100 mg

At the end of surgery

-

2

35

0/39

Control saline 40 ml

-

2

39

Petersen, P. L

2012

18–75 years

9/28

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

TAP 0.5% ropivacaine 100 mg

Before surgical incision

-

8

37

12/25

Control saline 20 ml

-

13

37

Reisener, M. J

2021

≥ 18 years

54/75

Anterior or lateral lumbar fusion

TAP 0.5% bupivacaine 100 mg

After induction of general anesthesia

4

-

129

61/60

Control nothing

15

-

121

Sivapurapu, V

2021

18–80 years

28/2

Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of unilateral hernia surgeries

TAP 0.25%

levobupivacaine 45 mg

After induction of anesthesia

7

-

30

26/4

Control nothing

21

-

30

Skjelsager, A

2013

18–80 years

23/0

Open radical prostatectomy

TAP 0.75% ropivacaine 30 mg

At the end of the surgery

-

7

23

24/0

Control saline 40 ml

-

8

24

Soltani Mohammadi, S

2014

15–65 years

12/10

Kidney recipients

TAP0.25% bupivacaine 37.5 mg

After induction of anesthesia

0

-

22

14/8

Control saline 15 ml

2

-

22

Tan, T

2012

> 18 years

0/20

Caesarean delivery

TAP 0.25% levobupivacaine 50 mg

After the procedure, before the patients awakened

2

0

20

0/20

Control nothing

4

1

20

Tupper-Carey, D. A

2017

> 21 years

21/8

Urgent laparoscopic appendicectomy

TAP 0.5%bupivacaine 50 mg

After the procedure, before the patients awakened

11

-

29

25/4

Control saline 10 ml

7

-

29

Zhang, J

2020

-

12/12

Laparoscopic hepatectomy

TAP 0.3% ropivacaine 180 mg

At the end of surgery

7

-

24

-

13/19

Control saline 60 ml

11

-

23

Zhang, L

2023

20–60 years

0/35

Elective gynecological laparotomy

TAP0.375% ropivacaine 150 mg

After the induction

of anesthesia

6

2

35

0/37

Control saline 40 ml

12

5

37