Table 4 Red blood cell transfusion guidelines

Cross-Sectional Guidelines for Therapy with Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives [104]

Population: general patients

Oxygen delivery indicators:

- increasein oxygen extraction above 50%;

- decrease in oxygen consumption by more than 10%

- decrease in the level of mixed venous oxygen saturation less than 50%

- decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood below 32 mm Hg

- decrease in the level of central venous oxygen saturation less than 60%

EKG signs:

- ST segment changes;

- new diagnosis of heart arrhythmia ;

Clinical signs:

- tachycardia;

- hypotension;

- dyspnea.

Russian Clinical guidelines for red blood cell transfusion [105]

Population: cardiologicalpatients:

- increase in oxygen extraction above 50%;

- decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the central venous blood below 32 mm Hg;

- decrease in the level of mixed venous oxygen saturation less than 60%

- an increase in the concentration of lactate in arterial blood to more than 2.5 mmol/l

Association of Anesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland: guidelines: the use of blood components and their alternatives 2016 [106]

Population: general patients

Physiological triggers are not mentioned

Transfusion strategies in non-bleeding critically ill adults: a clinical practice guideline from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine [33]

Population: non-bleeding critically ill patients

Suggesting using hemoglobin or hematocrit transfusion triggers rather than physiologic transfusion triggers (conditional recommendation, very low certainty evidence).

Clinical Practice Guidelines From the AABB [32]

Population: general patients

Physiological triggers are not mentioned, but attention is focused on the insufficiency of using the hemoglobin trigger as an indicator of oxygen delivery.

Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Blood Management: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists [107]

Population: patients in theperioperative period

Physiological triggers are not mentioned