Evaluation of a modified ultrasound-assisted technique for mid-thoracic epidural placement: a prospective observational study

Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients

Variable	Total (n = 128)
Age, years	59.3 ± 11.7, (range: 29–86)
Sex
Male	67 (52%)
Female	61 (48%)
Weight, kg	59.6 ± 9.8, (range: 39–87)
Height, m	1.6 ± 0.1, (range: 1.4–1.9)
BMI, kg/m²	22.5 ± 3.1, (range: 15.8–31.6)
Type of surgery
Lung	58 (45%)
Hepatobiliary	22 (17%)
Gastrointestinal	18 (14%)
Esophagectomy	16 (13%)
Pancreatic	14 (11%)
Level of puncture
T5-6	18 (14%)
T6-7	41 (32%)
T7-8	26 (20%)
T8-9	43 (34%)
Category based on ultrasound imaging ^a
Category I	48 (38%)
Category II	50 (39%)
Category III	30 (23%)

Data are presented as numbers (percentages) or means ± SDs with ranges
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation
^a Category I, II and III indicate that the anterior complex was visible in both the paramedian sagittal oblique view and transverse median view, visible only in the paramedian sagittal oblique view, and invisible in both views, respectively

ISSN: 1471-2253