| Control group (n = 50) | GDFT group (n = 50) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Time to first postoperative mobilization, [day, median (IQR)] | 2.5 (1.0–3.8) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.025* |
Serum lactate level [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | |||
 At induction | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.652 |
 2 h after surgery initiate | 1.4 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (1.2–1.9) | < 0.001* |
Blood glucose level [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | |||
 At induction | 5.9 (5.4–6.9) | 5.7 (5.3–7.2) | 0.971 |
 2 h after surgery initiate | 7.8 (6.1–9.4) | 6.9 (5.7–8.2) | 0.031* |
Postoperative complications, n (%) | 13 (26) | 6 (12) | 0.072 |
 Arrhythmia | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |
 Pneumonia | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | 0.010* |
 Lower limb venous thrombosis | 6 (12) | 1 (2) | 0.054 |
 Wound infection | 5 (10) | 2 (4) | 0.242 |
 Anastomotic fistula | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
 Hemorrhage | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |
30Â days mortality, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |