Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis based on the training cohort

Age, year

-0.21

0.979 (0.961–0.998)

0.027

Sex, male or female

-1.883

0.152 (0.073–0.316)

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

-0.72

0.930 (0.852–1.015)

0.104

History of smoking, yes or no

-1.453

0.234 (0.102–0.538)

 < 0.001

History of alcohol, yes or no

-1.216

0.296 (0.128–0.666)

0.005

History of motion sickness, yes or no

0.807

2.240 (1.124–4.465)

0.022

History of PONV, yes or no

2.061

7.852 (2.957–20.852)

 < 0.001

History of migraine, yes or no

1.525

4.595 (2.205–9.575)

 < 0.001

CSA, cm²

0.245

1.278 (1.125–1.453)

 < 0.001

Surgery type

 Otolaryngological

0.059

  Gynaecological

0.647

1.909 (0.491–7.422)

0.351

  Open general

-1.050

0.350 (0.077–1.583)

0.173

  Laparoscopic general

0.154

1.167 (0.302–4.512)

0.823

  Orthopaedic

-0.214

0.808 (0.169–3.858)

0.789

  Urologic

-0.134

0.875 (0.171–4.472)

0.873

  Duration of surgery > 60 min, yes or no

-0.232

0.793 (0.425–1.477)

0.465

  Operative position, Supine position (including lithotomy position) or no

-0.693

0.500 (0.174–1.436)

0.198

  Duration of anaesthesia > 90 min, yes or no

-0.164

0.849 (0.460–1.565)

0.600

Anaesthesia method

 Intravenous-inhalation combined

0.522

  Intravenous

0.618

1.856 (0.483–7.127)

0.368

  Combined spinal and epidural

0.001

1.000 (0.127–7.893)

1.000

  Dosage of sufentanil used intraoperatively, mg

0.004

1.004 (0.985–1.024)

0.666

  Dexmedetomidine used intraoperatively, yes or no

-0.677

0.508 (0.262–0.984)

0.045

  Neostigmine used intraoperatively, yes or no

-0.145

0.865 (0.454–1.648)

0.659

  Glucocorticoid used intraoperatively, yes or no

0.480

1.617 (0.715–3.654)

0.248

  PCA used after surgery, yes or no

0.279

1.321 (0.714–2.444)

0.374