Table 1 Participant characteristics in the training and validating cohorts
Cohorts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Training (n = 177) | Validating (n = 59) | P Value |
Age [mean ± s] | 45.34 ± 17.54 | 48.02 ± 16.31 | 0.378 |
Sex [n (%)] | 0.183 | ||
Male | 79 (44.63%) | 31 (52.54%) | |
Female | 98 (55.37%) | 28 (47.46%) | |
BMI [mean ± s] | 22.64 ± 3.65 | 22.61 ± 3.59 | 0.711 |
Smoking history [n (%)] | 0.336 | ||
Yes | 50 (28.25%) | 19 (32.20%) | |
No | 127 (71.75%) | 40 (67.80%) | |
Alcohol [n (%)] | 0.245 | ||
Yes | 44 (24.86%) | 18 (30.51%) | |
No | 133 (75.14%) | 41 (69.49%) | |
History of Motion sickness [n (%)] | 0.471 | ||
Yes | 45 (25.42%) | 14 (23.73%) | |
No | 132 (74.58%) | 45 (76.27%) | |
History of PONV [n (%)] | 0.418 | ||
Yes | 26 (14.69%) | 7 (11.86%) | |
No | 151 (85.31%) | 52 (88.14%) | |
History of Migraine [n (%)] | 0.459 | ||
Yes | 42 (23.73%) | 15 (25.42%) | |
No | 135 (76.27%) | 44 (74.58%) | |
CSA [mean ± s] | 5.47 ± 2.66 | 5.39 ± 2.35 | 0.518 |
Surgery type [n (%)] | < 0.001 | ||
Otolaryngological | 11 (6.22%) | 7 (11.86%) | |
Gynaecological | 46 (25.99%) | 15 (25.42%) | |
Open general | 36 (20.34%) | 8 (13.56%) | |
Laparoscopic general | 50 (28.25%) | 18 (30.51%) | |
Orthopaedic | 19 (10.73%) | 2 (3.39%) | |
Urologic | 15 (8.47%) | 9 (15.26%) | |
Duration of surgery [n (%)] | 0.180 | ||
≤ 60 min | 70 (39.55%) | 28 (47.46%) | |
> 60 min | 107 (60.45%) | 31 (52.54%) | |
Operative position [n (%)] | 0.443 | ||
Supine (including lithotomy) | 156 (88.14%) | 51 (86.44%) | |
Non-supine position | 21 (11.86%) | 8 (13.56%) | |
Duration of anaesthesia [n (%)] | 0.411 | ||
≤ 90 min | 88 (49.72%) | 31 (52.54%) | |
> 90 min | 89 (50.28%) | 28 (47.46%) | |
Anaesthesia method [n (%)] | 0.580 | ||
Intravenous-inhalation combined | 157 (88.70%) | 55 (93.22%) | |
Intravenous | 12 (6.78%) | 2 (3.39%) | |
Combined spinal and epidural | 8 (4.52%) | 2 (3.39%) | |
Dosage of sufentanil used intraoperatively [mean ± s] | 31.02 ± 15.91 | 29.15 ± 14.30 | 0.398 |
Dexmedetomidine used intraoperatively [n (%)] | 0.537 | ||
Yes | 125 (70.62%) | 42 (71.19) | |
No | 52 (29.38%) | 17 (28.81%) | |
Neostigmine used intraoperatively [n (%)] | 0.166 | ||
Yes | 118 (66.67%) | 44 (74.58%) | |
No | 59 (33.33%) | 15 (25.42%) | |
Glucocorticoid used intraoperatively [n (%)] | 0.491 | ||
Yes | 28 (15.82%) | 10 (16.95%) | |
No | 149 (84.12%) | 49 (83.05%) | |
PCA used after surgery [n (%)] | 0.075 | ||
Yes | 84 (47.46%) | 21 (35.59%) | |
No | 93 (52.54%) | 38 (64.41%) | |
Postoperative nausea and vomiting [n (%)] | 0.172 | ||
Yes | 65 (36.72%) | 17 (28.81%) | |
No | 112 (63.28%) | 42 (71.19%) | |