Table 1 Subject characteristics by study group

Age (y); (mean ± SD)

78.67±5.92

76.45±4.56

0.188

BMI (kg.m^-2); median (IQR)

20.2 (19.1-22.8)

22.16 (20.1-23.6)

0.262

Female/ Male (n/n)

18/3

16/4

0.697

Left/Right side fracture (n/n)

11/10

12/8

0.623

Transcervical fracture/ Intertrochanter fracture of femur (n/n)

17/4

15/5

0.719

ASA physical status; I/ II/ III (n/n/n)

2/5/14

3/7/10

0.595

Basic disease

   Coronary disease; n (%)

7 (33)

6 (30)

0.819

   Cerebral infarction;n (%)

18 (85.7)

14 (70)

0.179

   Diabetes; n (%)

4 (19)

2 (10)

0.663

   Hypertension; n (%)

8 (38.1)

12 (60)

0.161

   Respiratory disease; n (%)

3 (14.3)

1 (5)

0.606

   Other diseases; n (%)

10 (47.6)

12 (60)

0.427

   MAP before intervention; (mean ± SD)

81.43±7.79

85.7±9.71

0.127

   HR before intervention; (mean ± SD)

82.10±5.63

81.95±5.94

0.936

   SpO₂ before intervention; median (IQR)

98 (96-98)

98 (97-98)

0.140

   Dynamic NRS score before intervention; median (IQR)

9 (8-10)

9 (6-10)

0.146

   Static NRS score before intervention; median (IQR)

4 (4-5)

4.5 (3-5)

0.463