Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with or without receiving droperidol after matching
|  | Droperidol (n = 552) | Control (n = 552) | ASMD |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 48.7 ± 14.9 | 49.6 ± 15.9 | 0.0584 |
Sex, male | 85 (15.4%) | 97 (17.6%) | 0.0872 |
Body mass index, kg/m 2 | 26.0 ± 4.8 | 26.1 ± 4.7 | 0.0211 |
ASA class | Â | Â | 0.0047 |
 I | 92 (16.7%) | 91 (16.5%) |  |
 II | 456 (82.6%) | 459 (83.2%) |  |
 III | 4 (0.7%) | 2 (0.4%) |  |
Apfel’s risk score | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.0185 |
Current smoker | 55 (10.0%) | 49 (8.9%) | 0.0703 |
Previous PONV | 25 (4.5%) | 25 (4.5%) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 129 (23.4%) | 153 (27.7%) | 0.1263 |
Diabetes mellitus | 75 (13.6%) | 84 (15.2%) | 0.0730 |
Major depression | 9 (1.6%) | 8 (1.5%) | 0.0660 |
Malignancy | 83 (15.0%) | 78 (14.1%) | 0.0401 |
Preoperative blood test | Â | Â | Â |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 (11.3–13.7) | 12.5 (11.4–13.7) | 0.0157 |
 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 97.2 (81.6–111.0) | 96.1 (79.3–113.2) | 0.0273 |
 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 18 (13–26) | 18 (14–27) | 0.0687 |
 Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 20 (16–26) | 20 (17–26) | 0.0335 |
Surgical site | Â | Â | 0.0174 |
 Extremity | 101 (18.3%) | 106 (19.2%) |  |
 Head and neck | 7 (1.3%) | 10 (1.8%) |  |
 Breast | 11 (2.0%) | 10 (1.8%) |  |
 Upper abdomen | 44 (8.0%) | 46 (8.3%) |  |
 Lower abdomen | 342 (62.0%) | 327 (59.2%) |  |
 Thorax | 7 (1.3%) | 8 (1.5%) |  |
 Spine | 34 (6.2%) | 38 (6.9%) |  |
 Other†| 6 (1.1%) | 7 (1.3%) |  |
Laparoscopic or robotic surgery | 79 (14.3%) | 76 (13.8%) | 0.0248 |
Intraoperative blood loss, mL | 200 (10–550) | 200 (10–530) | 0.0302 |
Type of anesthesia | Â | Â | 0.0499 |
 Neuraxial anesthesia | 184 (33.3%) | 172 (31.2%) |  |
 General anesthesia | 367 (66.5%) | 378 (68.5%) |  |
 Combined general and neuraxial anesthesia | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (0.4%) |  |
Use of volatile anesthetics | 368 (66.7%) | 380 (68.8%) | 0.0549 |
Anesthesia duration, min | 155 (105–230) | 155 (105–238) | 0.0273 |
Intraoperative fluid volume, mL | 900 (650–1200) | 900 (650–1200) | 0.0094 |
Intraoperative use of dexamethasone | 345 (62.5%) | 357 (64.7%) | 0.0518 |
Intraoperative use of midazolam | 99 (17.9%) | 90 (16.3%) | 0.0634 |
Intraoperative use of NSAIDs | 89 (16.1%) | 79 (14.3%) | 0.0775 |
Intraoperative opioid consumption, MME | 10.0 (3.3–15.0) | 10.0 (3.3–15.0) | 0.0175 |
Neuromuscular blockade reversal agent | Â | Â | 0.0187 |
 Nil | 188 (34.1%) | 178 (32.3%) |  |
 Neostigmine | 123 (22.3%) | 134 (24.3%) |  |
 Sugammadex | 241 (43.7%) | 240 (43.5%) |  |
PCA duration, hour | 69.4 (64.0–72.7) | 68.6 (63.5–72.3) | 0.0144 |
Postoperative use of NSAIDs | 21 (3.8%) | 25 (4.5%) | 0.1003 |
Postoperative opioid consumption, MME | 39.8 (23.0–68.8) | 39.7 (22.2–67.4) | 0.0099 |