Table 4 Comparisons of postoperative complications and clinical outcomes between two groups
Variables | GDHT (N = 39) | Control (N = 36) | Risk or median difference (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total complication, n (%) | 28 (71.8) | 30 (83.3) | -0.12 (-0.30 to 0.07) | 0.359 |
Gastrointestinal complications, n (%) | 6 (15.4) | 7 (19.4) | -0.04 (-0.21 to 0.13) | 0.874 |
 Ileus | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.8) | -0.00 (-0.08 to 0.07) | 0.999 |
 Constipation | 5 (12.8) | 5 (13.9) | -0.01 (-0.16 to 0.14) | 0.999 |
 Gastric ulcer | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | NA |
 Anastomotic bowel leak | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.8) | -0.00 (-0.08 to 0.07) | 0.999 |
Infectious complications, n (%) | 25 (64.1) | 19 (52.8) | 0.11 (-0.11 to 0.34) | 0.447 |
 Urinary tract infection | 22 (56.4) | 19 (52.8) | 0.04 (-0.19 to 0.26) | 0.933 |
 Sepsis | 9 (23.1) | 8 (22.2) | 0.01 (-0.18 to 0.20) | 0.999 |
 Pneumonia | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.03 (-0.02 to 0.08) | 0.999 |
 Wound infection | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.8) | 0.07 (-0.03 to 0.18) | 0.404 |
Wound dehiscence, n (%) | 6 (15.4) | 9 (25.0) | -0.10 (-0.28 to 0.09) | 0.453 |
Cardiac complications, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (11.1) | -0.09 (-0.20 to 0.03) | 0.308 |
 Myocardial infarction | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.6) | -0.03 (-0.12 to 0.06) | 0.944 |
 Arrhythmia | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.6) | -0.06 (-0.13 to 0.02) | 0.439 |
 Congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.6) | -0.06 (-0.13 to 0.02) | 0.439 |
 Transient BNP increase | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | -0.03 (-0.08 to 0.03) | 0.968 |
Thromboembolic complications, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | NA |
Genitourinary complications, n (%) | 11 (28.2) | 13 (36.1) | -0.08 (-0.29 to 0.13) | 0.627 |
 Renal dysfunction | 8 (20.5) | 7 (19.4) | 0.01 (-0.17 to 0.19) | 0.999 |
 Renal failure | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | NA |
 Urinary leakage | 6 (15.4) | 10 (27.8) | -0.12 (-0.31 to 0.06) | 0.305 |
Neurologic complications, n (%) | 3 (7.7) | 1 (2.8) | 0.05 (-0.05 to 0.15) | 0.666 |
Other complications, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 PCD insertion | 2 (5.1) | 6 (16.7) | -0.12 (-0.26 to 0.02) | 0.214 |
 PCN insertion | 6 (15.4) | 8 (22.2) | -0.07 (-0.25 to 0.11) | 0.644 |
 Deep vein thrombosis | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.6) | -0.03 (-0.12 to 0.06) | 0.944 |
Total length of hospital stays (days) | 26.0 (18.0–32.0) | 24.5 (19.0–30.0) | 1.5 (-5.0 to 5.0) | 0.903 |
ICU length of stays (days) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.899 |