Table 3 Baseline characteristics of study subjects according to previous epidural analgesia
From: Risk factors for epidural anesthesia blockade failure in cesarean section: a retrospective study
Variable | Previous epidural analgesia | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 220) | No (n = 314) | P value | |
Age, years | 35.4 ± 4.4 | 33.7 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
Height, cm | 159.4 ± 5.2 | 158.9 ± 6.2 | 0.425 |
Weight, kg | 71.2 ± 11.6 | 71.3 ± 12.4 | 0.907 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.0 ± 4.0 | 28.2 ± 4.9 | 0.508 |
Puncture site | 0.089 | ||
L2-3 | 33 (15.0) | 36 (11.5) | |
L3-4 | 182 (82.7) | 260 (82.8) | |
L4-5 | 5 (2.3) | 18 (5.7) | |
Loss of resistance methods | 0.412 | ||
Air | 185 (84.1) | 272 (86.6) | |
Saline | 35 (15.9) | 42 (13.4) | |
Catheter depth, cm | 5.23 ± 0.65 | 5.28 ± 0.66 | 0.357 |
Experience of anesthesia provider | 0.357 | ||
Resident | 179 (81.4) | 265 (84.4) | |
Obstetric anesthesiologist | 41 (18.6) | 49 (15.6) | |
Emergency surgery | 69 (31.4) | 148 (47.1) | < 0.001 |
Rupture of membrane | 20 (9.1) | 56 (17.8) | 0.004 |
Parity | < 0.001 | ||
Nulliparous | 9 (4.1) | 215 (68.5) | |
Parous | 211 (95.9) | 99 (31.5) | |
Waiting time | 16.3 ± 4.9 | 16.2 ± 4.6 | 0.874 |
epidural failure | 57 (25.9) | 37 (11.8) | < 0.001 |