Table 2 The associated factors of epidural failure

Age, years

0.94 (0.89–0.98)

0.004

0.91 (0.86–0.95)

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m²

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

0.092

0.96 (0.90–1.01)

0.112

Previous epidural analgesia

2.62 (1.66–4.13)

< 0.001

2.61 (1.38–4.94)

0.003

Puncture site

L2-3

1.00

L3-4

0.71 (0.38–1.33)

0.287

L4-5

1.27 (0.43–3.79)

0.667

Loss of resistance methods (Saline vs. Air)

1.05 (0.56–1.96)

0.885

Catheter depth, cm

1.16 (0.82–1.64)

0.392

Experience of anesthesia provider

(Obstetric anesthesiologist vs. Resident)

1.11 (0.62–1.99)

0.725

Emergency surgery

0.71 (0.45–1.14)

0.153

0.83 (0.50–1.35)

0.446

Rupture of membrane

0.76 (0.39–1.51)

0.440

Parity (Parous vs. Nulliparous)

2.14 (1.31–3.49)

0.002

1.44 (0.73–2.84)

0.289

Waiting time

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.002

0.91 (0.87–0.97)

0.002