Impact of total intravenous anesthesia and total inhalation anesthesia as the anesthesia maintenance approaches on blood glucose level and postoperative complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Basic Characteristics

	TIVA Group	TIHA Group	P Value
	(n = 56)	(n = 60)
Age (yr)	64 [57, 71]	66 [56, 73]	0.543
Sex (M/F)	33/23	38/22	0.672
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.1 [20.8, 25.5]	23.6 [21.8, 25.6]	0.226
ASA grade (I/II/III)	0/28/28	0/29/31	0.483
Preoperative comorbidities
Hypertension	31 (55.3)	27 (45.0)	0.265
Coronary artery disease	1 (1.78)	3 (5.0)	0.343
COPD	0	2 (3.3)	0.168
Parkinson’s disease	0	1 (1.6)	0.332
Fasting blood glucose	6.9 [5.3, 8.5]	7.1 [5.1, 9.1]	0.608
Postprandial blood glucose	10.0 [7.9, 12.1]	9.4 [7.5, 11.3]	0.128
Preoperative blood glucose control
Diet control	7 (12.5)	8 (13.3)	0.894
Insulin	12 (21.4)	9 (15.0)	0.369
Medicine	35 (62.5)	38 (63.3)	0.926
Insulin + medicine	2 (3.6)	5 (8.3)	0.282
Preoperative HBA1c (%)	6.9 [6.5, 8.6]	7.5 [6.6, 8.5]	0.112

The data are expressed as n (%) or median [range]. TIVA, total intravenous anesthesia; TIHA, total inhalation anesthesia; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HBA1c, hemoglobinA1c

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