Table 1 Patient characteristics. Patient characteristics and clinical data presented as mean (2 ± SD) or absolute number as appropriate

Gender (male/female)

3/24

3/25

4/25

0.93

Age (yr)

60.3

(±10.4)

62.3

(±13.1)

57.4

(±15.3)

0.51

Height (cm)

168.6

(±6.1)

168.2

(±6.9)

169.2

(±8.9)

Weight (kg)

65.3

(±7.9)

70.8

(12.2)

72.6

(±13.1)

BMI (kg m^− 2)

22.9

(±2.3)

25.0

(±3.7)

25.3

(±3.9)

0.03

Tobacco user:

Smoking (yes/no)

3/24

3/25

2/27

0.84

Snuffing (yes/no)

2/25

0/28

0/29

0.10

ASA (1/2/3)

13/13/1

9/19/0

9/20/0

0.32

Days from injury to operation

8.4

(±3.1)

10.0

(±4.2)

9.4

(±3.4)

0.27

Injury to dominant hand (yes/no)

8/19

11/17

11/18

0.72

Apfel score before surgery and pain medication (1–4)

3.07

(±0.62)

3.07

(±0.77)

3.31

(±0.85)

0.22

Previous PONV/ history of motion sickness (yes/no)

9/18

10/18

15/14

0.31