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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Measurement of the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold in critically ill patients – a randomized observational pilot study

Variable

Patients

n =114

 
 

Group A

BPS-NFRT

n = 57

Group B

BPS

n = 57

P

Age

   

Median *

61.0 (54.0 – 72.0)

68.0 (63.0 – 81.0)

<0.001

Sex, n (%)

 

Male

44 (77.2)

37 (64.9)

0.221

Female

13 (22.8)

20 (35.1)

0.070

ICU – LOS

   

Median *

10.0 (5.0 – 19.0)

10.0 (5.0 – 20.5)

0.756

Mortality, n (%)

6.0 (10.5)

15.0 (26.3)

0.029

Disease severity scoring

 

SAPS II *

36.0 (29.0 – 45.0)

38.0 (32.0 – 47.0)

0.374

TISS–28 *

19.0 (14.0 – 24.0)

18.0 (10.0 – 24.0)

0.285

Analgesics and sedatives

 

Sufentanil μg/h

   

Median *

12.5 (5.6 – 20.0)

15.0 (5.0 – 20.0)

0.388

n (%)

8 (14.0)

7 (12.3)

0.68

Remifentanil mg/h

   

Median *

0.3 (0.2 – 0.4)

0.2 (0.2 – 0.3)

<0.001

n (%)

37 (64.9)

37 (64.9)

1.000

Metamizole mg/h

   

Median *

168.0 (168.0 – 168.0)

168.0 (168.0 – 168.0)

0.167

n (%)

36 (63.2)

39 (69.4)

0.570

Propofol mg/h

   

Median *

200.0(140.0 – 200.0)

200.0(100.0 – 280.0)

1.000

n (%)

41 (71.9)

37 (64.9)

0.462

Lormetazepam mg/h

   

Median *

0.6 (0.3 – 0.8)

0.6 (0.5 – 0.8)

0.801

n (%)

12 (21.1)

13 (22.8)

0.74

Measurement of sedation depth and pain intensity

 

Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale – Median *

   

-4.0 (-5.0 – -3.0)

-3.0 (-4.0 – -2.0)

0.001

Behavioral Pain Scale

   

Median *

3.0 (3.0 – 3.0)

3.0 (3.0 – 4.0)

0.631

BPS 3 (n)

51

56

0.875

BPS 4 (n)

28

57

<0.001

BPS 5 (n)

6

4

0.38

BPS 6 (n)

2

1

n.e.

BPS 7 (n)

1

0

n.e.

BPS 8 (n)

1

0

n.e.

BPS 9 (n)

1

0

n.e.

Primary reason for ICU admission, n (%)

 

Neurosurgery & brain hemorrhage

13 (22.8)

16 (28.1)

0.37

Abdominal surgery

15 (26.3)

15 (26.3)

1.00

Trauma surgery

5 (8.8)

6 (10.5)

0.65

Cardiac surgery

2 (3.5)

1 (1.8)

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Vascular surgery

4 (7.0)

8 (14.0)

0.16

Thoracic surgery

5 (8.8)

3 (5.3)

0.37

Respiratory failure

5 (8.8)

3 (5.3)

0.37

Internal medicine

-----------

1 (1.8)

-----------

Urology

7 (12.3)

4 (7.7)

0.24

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

1 (1.8)

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  1. Note: The second column indicates the group in which both BPS and NFR were measured, while the third column shows the patients in whom only the BPS score was recorded. Data are shown as median* values (interquartile range) or numbers (percentage). Rounding errors led to a total percentage > 100%. Differences between groups were determined using Student's t-test (Shapiro-Wilk normality test passed) or the Mann-Whitney U-test (normality test failed); P-values are not adjusted for multiple testing. Abbreviations: ICU: Intensive Care Unit, SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, TISS-28: Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28, CAM-ICU: Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. n.e. = not established due to the small number of patients
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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